(Fig. 1). Interestingly, the proportion of CCL2 immunoreactive macrophages/microglia in CCL5(−/−) mice after Tat and morphine co-administration still showed a significant upregulation, suggesting CCL5 regulates Tat and morphine-induced increases in CCL2 in astrocytes, but not in microglia (El-Hage et al. 2008a) (Fig. 1).
The cell typ