Changes in OL survival and morphology Tat1–86 No Morphine (25 mg pellet, 7 days); morphine (in vitro) • ↑ Degeneration of OLs
• ↑ TUNEL reactivity
• ↑ Caspase-3 activation Mouse, Tat tg; primary OLs (Hauser et al. 2009)