Cytokines, Chemokines HIV Tat (10 μg/kg i.v.) No Morphine (25, 75 mg pellet, 6 days) • Morphine ↑ death in Tat + bacterial infection
• ↑ TNFα, IL-6, CCL2,
• ↑ TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 Mouse, male, in vivo; microglia in vitro (Dutta et al. 2012)