SIV gene mutation/evolutiontat Mixture of SIV17-EFr, SHIVKU _1B, SHIV89.6P No Morphine (5 mg/kg, i.m., t.i.d., 20–56 weeks) • ↑ Viral load; ↓ CD4 counts • tat evolution—inverse correlation with SIV progression • ↓ tat diversity with morphine Rhesus macaques (Noel and Kumar 2006; Noel et al. 2006b)