an in the previous year (UNODC 2019a). North America remains the region with the highest non-medical use of opioids with a staggering 4% of the population aged 15–64 using opioids (UNODC 2019a, c). In 2017, the burden of opioid use in the U.S. had accounted for 42 million healthy years of life lost due to premature death and disability (Ins