This process does not pass unnoticed by the host organism, as infected cells present viral structures on their surface. As a response, many defensive pathways are initiated, such as the production of different cytokines and chemokines like interleukin 1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐21, TNF‐β, and MCP‐1. The release of these mediators and their effector cells activate inflammatory mechanisms to destroy the intruder. 24