In 1983, JSHNR completed its review and recommendations, leading to the formation of the ICHNR. The aim of ICHNR was to fill the identified gaps of insufficient planning and coordination and achieve “the pursuit of new knowledge to improve the understanding of nutrition as it relates to human health and disease … in 5 major areas: biomedical and behavioral sciences, food sciences, nutrition monitoring and surveillance, nutrition education, and impact on nutrition of intervention programs and socioeconomic factors” (161). ICHNR co-chairs are the HHS Assistant Secretary for Health and USDA Undersecretary for Research, Education, and Economics (who is also USDA Chief Scientist)—positions filled by Presidential appointment with Senate confirmation. ICHNR includes representatives from multiple federal departments and agencies (Table 1).