Poor nutrition is contributing to major increases in diet-related obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as continuing high rates of other chronic diet-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and other conditions (1). Since the 1970s, Americans’ diets have changed significantly. For example, both portion sizes and frequency of snacking have increased, with each linked to greater calorie intake (14, 15). Among US children, substantial increases in daily calories since the 1970s are entirely attributable to increased foods eaten outside from home, mostly from fast food (16). Consistent with prior health messaging to reduce total fat, the percentage of energy from carbohydrates increased from 42% to 48% of calories in men and 45% to 51% in women between 1971 and 2004, primarily due to higher consumption of starches, grains, and caloric beverages (17, 18). Between 1977 and 1994, intake of processed breakfast cereals increased by 60%, intake of pizza by 115%, and intakes of snack foods like crackers, popcorn, pretzels, and corn chips by 200% (19). Between 1965 and 2002, the intake of caloric beverages increased from 12% to 21% of all calories, representing an average increase of 222 calories/d per person (20). This change was due to increased intake of sweetened fruit drinks, alcohol, and especially soda. Over this time, the average portion size of a sugar-sweetened beverage increased by >50% (21).