The authors’ responsibilities were as follows—SEF, CEW, PMC, VSH, and DM: were on the lead writing group of this paper; the remaining authors regularly reviewed drafts and provided substantive feedback during regular calls and rounds of reviews; and all authors: read and approved the final manuscript. PMC reports paid consultancies with the Indiana University School of Public Health at Bloomington, Purdue University Department of Nutrition Sciences, and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. SEF reports paid consultancies with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University and various paid work with Healthy Eating Research, a national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. VSH reports paid consultancies with the Indiana University School of Public Health at Bloomington and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. DM reports research funding from the NIH and the Gates Foundation; personal fees from GOED, Bunge, Indigo Agriculture, Motif FoodWorks, Amarin, Acasti Pharma, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, America's Test Kitchen, and Danone; participating on scientific advisory boards of start-up companies focused on innovations for health including Brightseed, DayTwo, Elysium Health, Filtricine, Foodome, HumanCo, and Tiny Organics; and chapter royalties from UpToDate, all outside the submitted work; as well as research funding from The Rockefeller Foundation. PJS reports grant/research support from the NIH; participating on scientific advisory and/or membership boards of Marabou Foundation, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the ASN, and International Council on Amino Acid Science; and holding stock in TIAA, all outside the submitted work. CEW reports a paid consultancy with the World Wildlife Fund for their research on sustainable food systems under a grant from The Rockefeller Foundation, outside the submitted work with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.