The opportunities to be gained by greater coordination and investment in federal nutrition research are clear, with potential for large and rapid ROI. This report identified and described 2 priority strategies to strengthen federal nutrition research: 1) a new authority for cross-governmental coordination of nutrition research and other nutrition-relevant policy and 2) strengthened authority, investment, and coordination for nutrition research within NIH. These 2 strategies were found to be complementary and synergistic, each providing benefits that would be largest and most effective in concert. These options could potentially be a part of a multiyear strategy, initiated in part or whole (in some cases) by Congress or the President. Optimally, these options would garner full bipartisan support from the executive and legislative branches. Additional relevant priorities to strengthen federal nutrition research, particularly within USDA, were also recognized. Each of the identified options in this report would help create the new leadership, strategic planning, coordination, and investment the nation requires to address the challenges and grasp the opportunities we face.