New Trans-NIH Initiative(s) in Nutrition Research  An initiative across multiple NIH institutes and centers around a specific focused priority research topic
Modeled after several examples such as the BRAIN Initiative, “All of Us” Research Program, or the NIH Human Microbiome Project
Can be supported by dedicated staff within NIH and other federal working groups
Dedicated funding to support intramural and extramural research, training, and technology development
Can help create new or enhanced public–private partnerships  Legislation is not required
Helps galvanize NIH around a key topic
Often preceded by a comprehensive and separately useful review of relevant leadership, staffing, funding, external advisory mechanisms, and collaborative approaches available across NIH
Brings new strategic planning, workgroups, funding opportunities, training, and technology development
Valuable when combined with other NIH options, above  Only covers one focused topic, while needs and opportunities across nutrition research are broad and complex
Unlikely to provide the sustained leadership, coordination, and resources to grasp the critical science gaps and opportunities
Generally time-limited and not sustained  Can be established by the NIH Office of the Director with support from the NIH Common Fund
Can be established by Congressional authorization and appropriations