Monitoring and surveillance
Nutrition-related monitoring and surveillance are critical to inform nutrition research, which then bidirectionally guides surveillance priorities (11, 274). The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the fragmented and often incomplete national infra-structure for monitoring food- and nutrition-related questions in real time, including, for example, information on local, regional, and national food insecurity; dietary choices; diet-related health disparities; neighborhood food environments; and supply chains (3–9). Expanded and modernized monitoring and surveillance are essential components of a strategy to strengthen and better coordinate federal nutrition research.