Acknowledgements This study represents surveillance data reported through the Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA) as part of the nationally coordinated response to COVID-19. We thank public health staff from incident emergency operations centres in state and territory health departments, and the Australian Government Department of Health, along with state and territory public health laboratories. We thank members of CDNA for their feedback and perspectives on the study results. We thank Dr Jonathan Tuke for helping to assemble Australian national and state announcements of COVID-19 response measures.