The SDF structures of GTP, remdesivir, and selected hundred polyphenols (see Table S1 in Supplementary Information) were retrieved from the PubChem database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) (Kim et al., 2019). The compounds were converted into PDB format, and conformational energies of all the compounds were minimized by using UCSF Chimera (Pettersen et al., 2004).