2.1.4. Protein-ligand interactions LigPlot+ was used to investigate protein-ligand interactions for a given .pdb file containing the docked conformation and also the final simulated conformation (Wallace et al., 1995). The LigPlot+ program self-generated schematic 2D representations of protein-ligand interaction. The output file represents the intermolecular interactions and their strengths, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic contacts, and atom accessibilities. H-bonds are shown in green dotted lines, whereas residues involved in hydrophobic interaction are represented in the red semicircle.