Vaccination efforts are attempting to create a substrate that can be recognized by dendritic cells. The dendritic cells will subsequently label the virus spike proteins with coronavirus specific CD4+/CD8+ peptides. These specifically loaded particles will then be presented to T-cells that interact with T-lymphocyte dependent antigens. This interaction results in the induction of B-lymphocytes that produces antibodies that can recognize the spike proteins of coronaviruses to afford phagocytosis and destructions of the virus. It is also expected that memory T-cells will form which could result in long-term immunity when these cells are replicated when a spike protein can be recognized by dendritic or other immune cells. The carbohydrate-based vaccine holds promise to present recognizable glycan arrays that are representative of the targeted pathogens [41].