Table 1  Polysaccharides that have been studied in LbL nanocoating applications.
Polysaccharide  Applications
GAGs
Hyaluronic acid  Formation of pH-sensitive LbL layers for drug delivery applications [91]
Titanium medical implants coated by LbL with chitosan as a counter polycation for antibacterial effect [92]
LbL assembled carriers were assembled with chitosan derivatives to control the release of tocopherol and calciferol [93]
Chondroitin sulfate  LbL coating in combination with chitosan was performed to stabilize the controlled release of hydrophobic drugs which agglomerate [94]
DNA nanoparticles were incorporated via LbL [95]
Sacrificial calcium carbonate was utilized as a core onto which chondroitin was coated. The hollow capsules were coated with polycations and bovine serum albumin were loaded and released in a pH-dependent way [96]
Heparin  The outer layer of LbL coated particles to improve polysulfone blood compatibility by the anticoagulant effect of heparin [97]
Coating of a stent with collagen and heparin in LbL multilayers with heparin having anticoagulant effect [98]
Sacrificial calcium carbonate cores were coated with various polyelectrolytes with heparin or chitosan as outer layers to study dye release from the capsules [99]
Non-GAGs
Chitosan  Proof of cationic chitosan electrostatic interaction for self-assembly [100]
Review of pH- and sugar-sensing on general drug delivery [101]
LbL nanocapsule for anti-cancer drug delivery [102]
Alginate  LbL coating of calcium carbonate core loaded with curcumin [103]
LbL assembly with chitosan. Tamoxifen loaded at different positions in bilayers. [104]
LbL assembly in combination with dextran that prevented protein sorption to lower fouling of surface [105]
Pectin  Self-assembly with a prodrug-polyelectrolyte for cancer drug delivery [106]
LbL assembly with poly(allylamine) that included a calcium core loaded with tetracycline [107]
Investigation of interfacial interaction with bovine serum albumin as an example of polysaccharide-protein binding system [108]
Pullulan  Carboxymethylpullulan assembled with poly(ethylamine) to contain the hydrophobic dye, Nile Red, and test release behavior [109].
Modified pullulan-derived polyanions assembled with polycations. Provided prove that hydrophobic interactions and not only electrostatic interactions determine self-assembly [110]
Cellulose  Cellulose ethers form hydrogen bonds with poly(acrylic acid) to form LbL films [111]
Cellulose was coated with various polyelectrolytes to alter the total surface charge density. Higher surface charge density killed more E. coli bacteria [85].