Barcoded and combined samples were washed and stained with viability dyes cisplatin-195pt (0.5 μmolL) (Fluidigm, 201064) and vortexed to mix thoroughly for 2 min at room temperature for cell viability, terminated with Maxpar Cell Staining buffer at room temperature (400 rcf.), washed, fixed with 1.6% paraformaldehyde (PFA; Electron Microscopy Sciences) in PBS for 10 min at room temperature on a rotary shaker (500 rpm). The fixed cells were resuspended in pre-cooling Maxpar Cell Staining to slow fix reaction. Fixed samples were washed twice with PBS/bovine serum albumin and once with double-distilled water before resuspended in 400 μL of surface-antibody mixture. Surface staining was performed for 30 min at 37 °C on a rotating shaker (500 rpm). The samples then stored in freshly diluted 2% formaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences) in PBS containing 0.125 nmol/L iridium 191/193 intercalator (Fluidigm, 201192) at 4 °C overnight.