Upregulation of SARS-CoV-2-related genes in aged individuals indicates that aging increases susceptibility to this infection. Our data demonstrated that the inflammatory response was sustained in the blood environment of COVID-19 patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection (Wen et al., 2020). In the recovery stage, the aging-associated increase in MCs and decrease in TCs were amplified by COVID-19 in aged covered patients compared with healthy aged controls. Importantly, the ACR group still had more MCs and fewer TCs than the YCR group (Figs. 7D and S14F). To compare the effects of age on disease recovery, we next analyzed the upregulated DEGs between the YCR and YH groups and between the ACR and AH groups, along with combined analysis of the upregulated aging-related DEGs (Table S 13-14). We identified aging-induced and disease-associated genes in TCs, including CD69, JUNB, CDKN2A, and IFN-related genes, including IRF1 and ISG15 (Fig. 7E). In MCs, we identified several aging-induced genes involved in disease development, such as TNF, IL1B, JUNB, DUSP2, OSM, the CDKN family, IFN-related genes, and chemokine family members (Fig. 7F). Analysis of the DEGs between TCs of the YCR and ACR groups demonstrated that several granzyme genes and inflammatory genes were increased in aged recovered patients (Fig. 7G). Moreover, we found that MCs in the ACR group had increased expression of inflammatory genes such as FOS, DUSP1, IL1B, and JUN and chemokines including CXCL8 and CCL3 compared to those of the YCR group (Fig. 7H). We finally compared the expression of the top 20 specific aging-induced and disease-associated genes among the 4 groups in MCs and TCs, respectively (Fig. 7I and 7J). The results showed that COVID-19 amplifies aging-induced upregulation of inflammatory genes and senescence hallmark genes (CDKN family) (López-Otín et al., 2013). As expected, although the initial clinical manifestations and diagnosis were similar, lung ground-glass opacity in young patients had been dissipated and absorbed completely, but in aged patients, it was not absorbed completely at one week after a negative nucleic acid test (Fig. 7K). These findings indicate that aged people have a slower recovery from COVID-19 than young people.