Selective JAK inhibitors, such as baricitinib, through targeted inhibition of JAK1 and JAK2, inhibit production of cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma and exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects in animal models (106) (107). Baricitinib, ruxolitinib, and tofacitinib are anti-inflammatory treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (108) (109) (110), with suppression of inflammatory cytokines associated with rheumatoid arthritis, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-gamma (111). Ruxolitinib has been observed to normalize the cytokine profile of myelofibrosis patients (112). Due to the JAK inhibitory activity of more multi-targeted agents such as midostaurin (Rydapt; Novaris), lestaurtinib (Cephalon), and sunitinib (Table 2, Fig. 3), each has anti-inflammatory potential as well as potential to combat cytokine release syndrome, which could benefit patients infected with respiratory viruses (107).