Fig. 1  Clinical characterization of patient cohorts, inflammatory markers, and quantification of major immune subsets.
(A) Overview of patient cohorts in study, including healthy donors (HD), recovered donors (RD), and COVID-19 patients. (B) Quantification of key clinical parameters in COVID-19 patients. Each dot is a COVID-19 patient; Healthy donor range indicated in green. (C) Spearman correlation and hierarchical clustering of indicated features for COVID-19 patients. (D) Representative flow cytometry plots and (E) frequencies of major immune subsets. (F) Ratio of CD4:CD8 T cells. (G) Spearman correlation of CD4:CD8 ratio and clinical lymphocyte count per patient. Dark and light gray shaded regions represent clinical normal range and normal range based on study HD, respectively. Vertical dashed line indicates clinical threshold for lymphopenia. (H) Spearman correlations of indicated subsets with various clinical features. (E and F) Each dot represents an individual healthy donor (green), RD (blue), or COVID-19 patient (red). Significance determined by unpaired Wilcoxon test with BH correction: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.