smablast responses reaching >30% of circulating B cells. However, another subgroup had lymphocyte activation comparable to uninfected subjects. Stable versus dynamic immunological signatures were identified and linked to trajectories of disease severity change. These analyses identified three “immunotypes” associated with poor clinical trajectories versus improving health. These immunotypes may have implications for the design of therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has to date caused >7 million infections resulting in over 400,000 deaths. Following infection with SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 patient