compartments (5) but the characteristics of these cells and their role in infection or pathogenesis remain unclear. Recovered subjects more often have evidence of virus-specific CD4 T cell responses than virus-specific CD8 T cell responses, though pre-existing CD4 T cell responses to other coronaviruses also are found in a subset of subjects in the absence of SARS-CoV2 exposure (6). Inflammatory responses have been reported, including increases in IL-6- or GM-CSF-producing CD4 T cells in the blood (7) or decreases in immunoregulatory subsets such as regulatory T cells (Treg) or ɣδ T cells (8–11). T cell exhaustion (12, 13) or