ory (CD45RA−CD27+CCR7+ [CM]), effector memory (CD45RA−CD27+CCR7− [EM1], CD45RA−CD27−CCR7+ [EM2], CD45RA−CD27−CCR7− [EM3]), and EMRA (CD45RA+CD27−CCR7−) (Fig. 2B) CD8 T cells. Among the CD8 T cell populations, there was an increase in the EM2 and EMRA populations and a decrease in EM1 (Fig. 2C). Furthermore, the frequency of CD39+ cells was increased in COVID-19 patients compared to HD (Fig. 2D). Although the frequency of PD-1+ cells was not different in the total CD8 population (Fig. 2D), it was increased for both CM and EM1 (fig. S2A). Finally, all major CD8 T cell naive/memory populations in RD were comparable to HD (Fig. 2