Abbreviations
COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; CPMs, Chinese Patent Medicines; TCM, Traditional Chinese Medicine; HXZQC, Huoxiang Zhengqi capsule; LHQWC, Lianhua Qingwen capsule; JHQGG, Jinhua Qinggan granule; SFJDC, Shufeng Jiedu capsule; TRQI, Tanreqing injection; XYPI, Xiyanping injection; XBJI, Xuebijing injection; SFI, Shenfu injection; SMI, Shengmai injection; AGNHP, Angong Niuhuang pill; WHO, World Health Organization; ICU, intensive care unit; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndromes; AIV, avian influenza virus; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; IL-1, interleukin-1; IL-2, interleukin-2; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; IL-10, interleukin-10; IL-17, interleukin-17; IL-1α, interleukin-1α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; MCP-1, macrophage chemotactic factor-1; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, glutamate transaminase; MDA, malondialdehyde; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; SOD, superoxide dismutase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; CPE, cytopathic effect; WBC, white blood cell; Th, T helper cell; NK, natural killer; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; HLA-DR, human leukocyte antigen-DR; ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; TXA2, thromboxane A2; ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; URI, upper respiratory infection; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; RCTs, randomized controlled trials; CAP, community acquired pneumonia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AECOPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; APACHE-II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II.