hrombosis, including heparin, FXII inhibitors, fibrinolytic drugs, nafamostat, and dipyridamole, many of which also possess pleiotropic anti-inflammatory or antiviral effects. The growing awareness and mechanistic understanding of the prothrombotic state of COVID-19 patients are driving efforts to more stringent diagnostic screening for thrombotic complications and to the early institution of antithrombotic drugs, for both the prevention and therapy of thrombotic complications. The shifting paradigm of diagnostic and treatment strategies holds significant promise to reduce the burden of thrombotic complications and ultimately improve the prognosis for patients with COVID-19.

The rapidly evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic is one of the greatest public health challenges since the Spanish flu pandemic over 100 years ago. Since the discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, millions of cases have been diagnosed worldwide resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. With no current effective therapy or vaccine for COVID-19, t