Table 1 summarises individual patient-level data in 33 cases of CAPA that have been reported to date. The median (interquartile range) age of cases is 70 (57–75) years, of whom only two (6%) had a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) host factor. Of these 16 (48%) had exposure to inhaled or systemic corticosteroids, 10 (30%) had diabetes and nine (27%) had underlying chronic lung disease; COPD (n=5), asthma (n=3), bullous emphysema (n=1), pulmonary fibrosis (n=1) and post-radiotherapy for nonsmall-cell lung cancer (n=1). CAPA was diagnosed a median (interquartile range) 5.5 (4.3–9) days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 21 (63.6%) patients had died by the time of publication. This mortality is in excess of most cohorts of ventilated patients with COVID-19, as a comparison in the UK ISARIC cohort 618 (37%) out of 1658 ventilated patients had died by the time of publication (17% discharged and 46% still receiving care) [23].