ommonly expressed in different types of influenza viruses with a high rate of conservation but with low antigenicity. It has been shown that AuNPs functionalized with M2e protein have a high immunization capacity in comparison to the antigen alone. Mice immunized with AuNPs (two intranasal injections), and then challenged, showed a survival rate higher than 90% to California-H1N1pdm, Victoria-H3N2, and Vietnam-H5N1 infections.149 This strategy shows that HNMs can be used to boost the immune response of low immunogenic molecules, providing a wide spectrum vaccination potential. Unfortunately, it has not been determined if the budding process in SARS-Cov-2 is mediated by viral proteins or via the host cell’s endosom