Table 3  Antiviral Activity of Different Fullerenes Functionalized with Mannose
material  functional groups  core function  number of mannose moieties  virus  number of atoms between fullerene and mannose  IC50  ref
glycofullerene  monosaccharide  malonate  12  Ebola  8  2 μM  (66)
glycofullerene  monosaccharide  trialkynyl pentaerythritol  36  Ebola  22  68 μM
glycofullerene  monosaccharide  trialkynyl pentaerythritol  36  Ebola  28  0.3 μM
trideca-fullerenesa  monosaccharide  malonate  120  Ebola  8  20.375 nM  (69)
trideca-fullerenesb  monosaccharide  malonate  120  Ebola  8  0.667 nM
glycofullerene  disaccharide  trialkynyl pentaerythritol  36  Zika  29  8.35 nM  (70)
Dengue  7.71 nM
trideca-fullerenes  disaccharide  trialkynyl pentaerythritol  120  Zika  29  0.52 nM
Dengue  0.098 nM
trideca-fullerenes  disaccharide  trialkynyl pentaerythritol  360  Zika  48  0.067 nM
Dengue  0.035 nM
micellar glycofullerenes  monosaccharide  trialkynyl pentaerythritol  6  Ebola  23  424 nM  (72)
micellar glycofullerenes  monosaccharide  trialkynyl pentaerythritol  12  Ebola  25  196 nM
a  Small spacer between core C60 and surrounding fullerenes.
b  Large spacer between core C60 and surrounding fullerenes.