The contribution of platelets to vascular integrity, growth and repair
The interactions between platelets and the vascular endothelium are a tightly orchestrated. In response to inflammatory stimuli, P-selectin rapidly translocates from membranes of storage granules (Weibel-Palade bodies) to the plasma membrane. GPIbα present on platelets recognizes and binds to endothelial cell P-selectin. Firm adhesion of platelets to intact endothelial cells depends on platelet integrin αIIbβ3 bridging to endothelial receptors such as αVβ3 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Ligands for bridging include fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor (VWF) [33]. Inflammatory cytokines augment platelet adhesion.
Platelets are essential for maintaining vascular integrity [34] and endothelial barrier function, particularly in the setting of inflammation [35]. In addition to physical interactions, platelets promote vascular integrity through synthesis and release of bioactive mediators [36].