How do endothelial cells regulate inflammation?
The anti-inflammatory properties that characterize normal vascular endothelium are governed by a variety of external signals and intracellular mediators. The operative external signals include anti-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor β, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1 receptor agonist, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Laminar shear stress, through the generation of nitric oxide, is of particular importance in maintaining inflammoresistance [19, 20].