miRNA expression profiles have been used to classify cancers into various subtypes. miR3934 is found upregulated in colon cancer and was suggested as a biomarker for lung cancer as its expression correlated with survival rate and prognosis of NSCLC [71,72]. Moreover, it has been reported that miR-3934-5p expression significantly increases in NSCLC cell line A549 [73]. It is also a SNP linked to TGF-β signalling and has been identified as downregulated in rectal carcinoma mucosa, compared with normal mucosa [74].