Acknowledgments This study was in part supported by a grant (NRF-2018R1D1A1A09081927 to CHK) of the Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation (NRF). Author Contributions Conceptualization, C.-H.K.; writing—original draft preparation, C.-H.K.; writing, review and editing, C.-H.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding Funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), Korea. Conflicts of Interest The author declares no conflicts of interest. Abbreviations HE hemagglutinin-esterase COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019 SA sialic acid SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus MERS-V Middle East respiratory syndrome virus RSV respiratory syncytial virus WHO World Health Organization 2019-nCoV 2019-Novel Coronavirus GIT gastrointestinal track RDE receptor-destroying enzyme LRI ligand–receptor interaction LCI lectin–carbohydrate interaction LGI lectin–glycan interaction LSI lectin–sphingolipid interaction PGI protein–glycan interaction PCI protein–carbohydrate interaction PPI protein–protein interaction NeuC neuraminic acid NeuAc N-acetyl neuraminic acid NeuGc N-glycolyl neuraminic acid ST sialyltransferase ICTV International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses HCoV human CoV ORF open reading frame RdRp RNA-dependent RNA polymerase E envelope N nucleocapsid S spike glycoprotein M membrane matrix glycoprotein ER endoplasmic reticulum ERGIC endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment Nsp nonstructural protein RTC replicase–transcriptase complex TM transmembrane ADRP ADP-ribose-1′-phosphatase PLpro papain-like protease MTase methyltransferase NTD N-terminal domain CTD C-terminal domain RBD receptor-binding domain ssRNA single stranded RNA GSK3 glycogen synthase kinase 3 hnRNP A1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 VLP virus-like particle NA neuraminidase NDV Newcastle disease Neu5Ac N-acetylneuraminic acid Neu5:9Ac2 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid CasD1 Cas1 domain containing 1 ISAV infectious salmon anemia virus FH factor H Neu5Ac9NAc 9-acetamido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid HEF HE fusion protein Neu5:9Ac2 5-N-acetyl-9-O-NeuAc BCoV bovine CoV RBC red blood cell CRD carbohydrate-recognizing domain GBD glycan-binding domain MHV murine hepatitis virus CEACAM carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1a 9-O–AC-SA 9-O-acetylated SA PHEV porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus RCoV rat CoV TGEV transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus IBV infectious bronchitis virus pAPN porcine aminopeptidase N MGP mucin-like glycoprotein pNPA p-nitrophenyl acetate SLeX sialyl-LewisX α2:3-SlacNAc α2,3-sialyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 GRP78 membrane-associated 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 hAPN human APN MHC-I major histocompatibility complex class I DC-SIGN dendritic cells-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin HSPG heparan sulfate proteoglycan HSPA5 heat shock protein A5 RAS renin-angiotensin system Ang I angiotensin I AT1R Ang II receptor type 1 GPCR G protein-coupled receptor ADAM A disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain TACE TNF-α-converting enzyme TMPRSS transmembrane protease serine TTSP type II TM Ser protease PAR-2 protease activated receptor 2 MMP matrix metalloproteinase HGF hepatocyte growth factor HAT human airway trypsin-like protease MSPL serine 13 BHH bromhexine hydrochloride DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 BiP immunoglobulin protein UPR unfolded protein response ATF6 activating transcription factor 6 IRE1 inositol-requiring enzyme 1 PERK protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase SBD substrate-binding domain PEDV porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus virus FIPV feline infectious peritonitis virus FeCV feline enteric virus GAG glycosaminoglycan GlcAT-II glucuronosyltransferase GlcNAcT-II N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II NGS new generation sequencing RBM receptor-binding motif 3CLpro 3-chymotrypsin-like protease CLQ chloroquine CLQ-OH hydroxychloroquine GBS ganglioside-binding site GBD ganglioside-binding domain WEF World Economic Forum VODAN Virus Outbreak Data Network