8. Conclusions
The SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health issue in the 21st century. In order to coordinate efforts against and mitigate the public health consequences of the spreading and outbreak of the disease, the international community has been exchanging independent information and knowledge. The scientists and epidemiologists exchange COVID-19 information to highlight interdisciplinary approaches. The pandemic outbreak issue has raised interest in the pathology and epidemiology of the disease. The current COVID-19 pandemic resulted in establishment of the COVID Action Platform of the World Economic Forum (WEF) to perform evidence-based cutting-edge research and analyze the fast-evolving pandemic. The Virus Outbreak Data Network (VODAN) of the GoFair Data Alliance also pursues to apply the best remedy against the pandemic infection. In the aspect of basic biology, most β-CoVs recognize 9-O-acetyl SAs, but certain viruses have switched to binding 4-O-acetyl SA. Originally, HE is found in other viruses such as toroviruses and orthomyxoviruses (influenza C/D and isavirus). The exceptional β-CoV lineage A is the only one to bear HE among the CoVs. Virus entry and replication inhibitors need to be urgently developed. Computation-fused artificial intelligence accelerates therapeutic agent development. The SARS-CoV-2 genome shows 80% similarity to the previous SARS-CoV and SARS-targeting agents can be commonly treated to the related SARS-CoV-2 patients. For better understanding of the entry pathway of SARS-CoV-2, the importance of the carbohydrates including SAs on cell and virus surfaces is again emphasized.