Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient baseline data. Categorical variables were presented as numbers with percentage proportions, and continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD if they were normally distributed or as median (IQR) if they were not. Proportions for categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test, Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. Means of continuous variables were compared using independent group t test when the data were normally distributed. Otherwise, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for medians.