Design Population Intervention Effects Reference
Feeding study 25 subjects One-meal intervention:➢ Tocopherol-enriched Mediterranean meal
➢ Western high-fat meal ↓ expression of inflammation-related genes De Lorenzo et al. (2017)
Controlled feeding study 35 men and 27 women ➢ 4-week MD intervention MD induced the same type of response regarding hs-CRP both in males and females Bedard et al. (2015)
Randomized Controlled Trial 1142 subjects 12-month diet intervention:➢ MD-like NU-AGE diet + vitamin D3 (10 μg/day)
➢ Control group Slowed the decline of bone mineral density only in the femoral neck in subjects with osteoporosis Jennings et al. (2018)
Randomized Controlled Trial 20 elderly subjects 4-week diet intervention:➢ MD + coenzyme Q10 (MD-Q10)
➢ MD
Diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAD) MD, MD-Q10: ↓ expression of p65, IKK-b, MMP-9, IL-1b (versus SFAD)MD-Q: marked decrease of P65 and IKK-b (versus the other diets) Yubero-Serrano et al. (2012)
Randomized Controlled Trial 20 elderly people 4-week diet intervention:➢ MD + olive oil (MD-O)
➢ diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAD) low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched in n-3 PUFA (LFHC-PUFA) MD-O: ↓ expression of inflammation-related genes (versus SFAD: p65, MCP-1; versus LFHC-PUFA: p65, TNF-α) Camargo et al. (2012)
Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial 20 elderly subjects isocaloric diets for successive periods of 4 weeks in a crossover design: MD, MD + CoQ, Western diet ↓ AGE, RAGE Lopez-Moreno et al. (2018)
Randomized Controlled Trial 34 male overweight subjects 4-week diet intervention:➢ Ketogenic MD (KMD)
KMD + omega-3 (KMD-O3) KMD: ↓ TNF-αKMD-O3: ↓ IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ↑ adiponectin Paoli et al. (2015)



Controlled feeding study 50 overweight and obese subjects 13-week diet intervention: Caloric restriction, MD + dietary supplementation ↓ CRP (versus baseline) Tripp et al. (2019)
Clinical Trial 90 subjects with abdominal obesity 2-month diet intervention:➢ MD, using olive oil
Control group MD: ↓ CRP, P-selectin, E-selectin (versus baseline) Rallidis et al. (2017)
Clinical Trial 40 subjects with metabolic syndrome 8-week diet hypocaloric MD intervention ↓ mRNA associated with the regulation of inflammatory genes Marques-Rocha et al. (2016)
Randomized Controlled Trial 36 subjects with metabolic syndrome 3-month MD intervention ↓ CRP, insulin Bekkouche et al. (2014)
Randomized Controlled Trial 24 T2DM patients 3-month diet intervention:➢ MD, using olive oil
Low fat diet (LFD) MD: ↓ IL-6, ICAM-1, ↑ GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion Ceriello et al. (2014)
Randomized Controlled Trial 215 T2DM (newly diagnosed) 12-month diet intervention:➢ MD
Low fat diet (LFD) MD: ↓ CRP (37%), ↑ adiponectin (43%) Maiorino et al. (2016)
Randomized Controlled Trial 56 coronary heart disease patients 6-month diet intervention:➢ MD
Low fat diet (LFD) ↓ dietary inflammatory index (including IL-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CRP) Mayr et al. (2018)
Randomized Controlled Trial 164 subjects with high cardiovascular risk 12-month diet intervention:➢ MD + 50 mL extra virgin olive oil (MD-O)
➢ MD + 30 g nuts (MD-N)
Low fat diet (LFD) MD-O: ↓ CRP (45%), IL-6 (35%), sICAM-1 (50%), P-selectin (27%)MD-N: ↓ CRP (45%), IL-6 (35%)(versus LFD) Casas et al. (2014)