h effects of long-term exposure to chemical mixtures (Hernandez et al., 2019; Hernandez and Tsatsakis, 2017; Tsatsakis et al., 2016, 2019a). According to WHO, 80% of NCDs-related deaths could be prevented by changes in these modifiable risk factors, and recent evidence identified unhealthy diet as the biggest risk factor for NCDs-related deaths (Collaborators, 2019; WHO, 2018).
Under physiological conditions, inflammation is a response to harmful stimuli (pathogens or tissue lesions), a cellular adaptive mechanism aiming to restore tissue homeostasis (Medzhitov, 2008). Inflammatory responses are self-limited through specific checkpoints that curb the progression and promote the resolution of inflammation (Basil and Levy, 2016; Serhan and Savill, 2005). Failure due to the deleterious alterations of the inflammatory pathways brings about the excessive release of pro-inflamma