PMC:7335494 / 10373-11385 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7335494","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7335494","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7335494","text":"Physiologically, adipose tissue resident macrophages, displaying both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotype, are involved in several housekeeping processes (differentiation of preadipocytes, abstraction of necrotic and apoptotic cells, angiogenesis adjustment, etc). The expansion of adipose tissue, due to long-lasting overnutrition, induces prolonged hypoxia (the activation of HIF-1α), and consequent inflammation as monocytes infiltrate in the hypoxic region and become pro-inflammatory macrophages, process during which TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), IL-6, MMPs, IL-8, VEGF are released. Further, the inflammatory response elicited by dysfunctional adipocytes, hypoxia, adipocyte expansion, and impaired fatty acids storage is accelerated by formation of reactive species, either oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) (Crewe et al., 2017; Demaria et al., 2014; Fujisaka et al., 2013; Margina et al., 2012; Pasarica et al., 2009; Paun et al., 2015; Schipper et al., 2012; Trayhurn, 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