Acknowledgments
We thank all patients and healthy individuals involved in this study, as well as the dedicated medical and research staff who fight against SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. This work was supported by grants from the Innovative Research Team of the 10.13039/501100001809National Natural Science Foundation of China (81721002 to F.-S.W.), and the 10.13039/501100013290National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0800901 and 2018YFA0506902 to G.S.).

Author Contributions
F.-S.W., G.S., and J.-Y.Z. conceived, designed, and supervised experiments. J.-W.S., X.F., P.X., C.Z., and T.Y. collected clinical samples. W.-J.C., S.-Y.W., F.-P.M., Z.X., J.-L.F., and L.H. collected clinical information. J.-W.S., S.M.L., X.F., H.T., S.Z., R.W., and Z.W. performed the experiments. J.-W.S., W.-J.C., G.H.C., and B.L. performed the statistical analysis. J.-W.S., S.M.L., G.H.C., T.-J.J., M.S., F.-S.W., J.-Y.Z., and G.S. interpreted data. S.M.L. and J.-W.S. wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Declaration of Interests
S.M.L., G.H.C., and B.L. are employees of LipidALL Technologies.