(A) Lipid changes in isolated exosomes from plasma of healthy controls (n = 25) and COVID-19 patients (n = 50). Colored dots (blue and red) in volcano plot indicate lipids that were significantly different (p < 0.05) between healthy controls and COVID-19 patients. Blue dots indicate significant lipids with fold change ≥ 2 in COVID-19 patients relative to controls listed in the blue panel, while red dots indicate significant lipids with fold change < 2 in patients relative to controls (listed in red and green panels). Lipids on the right side of vertical line at x = 0 were increased in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (blue and red panels), and lipids on the left side were decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (green panel).