electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a Fe(CN6)4–/Fe(CN6)3– redox system, being able to detect 1000 fg μL–1 of nucleic acid quantitatively (Figure 4).145
Figure 4  Schematic of recombinase polymerase amplification-based Citrus tristeza virus detection using gold-nanoparticle-modified DNA strands and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic detection. Reprinted from ref (145). Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. Paper/nanomateria