Mounting evidence indicates that nanomaterials such as graphene,82 nanodiamonds,83 carbon nanotubes,84 and polystyrene particles85 bear an intrinsic capacity to activate the immune system, depending on their functionalization.86 For instance, graphene oxide functionalized with amino groups (GO-NH2) induces activation of STAT1/IRF1 interferon signaling in monocytes and T cells, resulting in the production of T cell chemoattractants, and macrophage 1 (M1) 1/T-helper 1 (Th1) polarization of the immune response, with negligible toxicity.82 Remarkably, the ability of licensed adjuvants such as AS01 and AS03 to enhance adaptive immunity has been linked to their capacity to boost STAT1/IRF1 interferon signaling.87 In addition, recent SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV studies suggest that the development of a Th1-type response is central for controlling infection, which also may be true for SARS-CoV-2.88