of nanoplatforms as antigen-presenting systems offers great opportunities. Considering the possibility of random viral mutations that may alter the antigen shape, functionalizing nanomaterials with a wide number of molecules at the same time to target the virus, or motifs that are specific for pathogens, will increase the efficiency of vaccines and their ability to prevent viral infection.
Several companies are working on mRNA vaccines encoding SARS-CoV-2 proteins such as the spike protein, encapsulated in nanoliposomes with specific physicochemical properties that are potentially akin to those documented for immunization agai