Biocompatible polymeric-, lipid-based, or inorganic NPs can be tuned with respect to their physicochemical properties to encapsulate cargo proteins with high loading efficiency, improving protein delivery and pharmacokinetics over conventional approaches.38 Intranasal delivery of polymer-encapsulated antigen triggers a strong immune response, and the success of vaccination depends on the appropriate type of polymer in combination with the antigen.61,62 Similarly, researchers have developed lipid and lipid-based NPs as delivery platforms for mRNAs or siRNAs to enable the synthesis of key viral proteins for vaccination or to inactivate critical viral target genes, respectively.39 The field of therapeutic mRNAs to support vaccination has gained momentum, as well,63 at least in part due to nanotechnology-enabled strategies for cargo delivery. Moreover, the versatility of nanoplatforms as antigen-presenting systems offers great opportunities. Considering the possibility of random viral mutations that may alter the antigen shape, functionalizing nanomaterials with a wide number of molecules at the same time to target the virus, or motifs that are specific for pathogens, will increase the efficiency of vaccines and their ability to prevent viral infection.