Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a compound extracted from the seeds of Chinese celery, has been shown to alleviate cognitive impairment in VD models by inhibiting the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons (Xu et al., 2017; Li et al., 2019a), endoplasmic reticulum stress (Niu et al., 2019), and oxidative stress (Qi et al., 2018), and improving hemodynamics (Xiong et al., 2017). We speculated that NBP promotes remyelination and suppresses inflammation in VD. To test this hypothesis, in the present study we investigated the effect of NBP on remyelination and inflammation in a rat model of VD and the potential roles of the AMPK/SIRT1 and STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways.