3.4.16. Multi-National Surveillances in European Countries
A large-scale investigation across seven European countries reported a high seroprevalence (˃62%) of IAV antibodies in swine populations of Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy while a relatively lower (˂21.25%) seroprevalence was observed in swine populations of Czech Republic, Poland and Ireland during 2002–2003. Antibodies against H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses were reported in swine from the European countries under surveillance except Poland where swine had antibodies against only H1N1 virus [232].
A virological surveillance across five European countries including Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy, France and Spain reported 169 IAV positive swine during 2006–2008. The H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses were detected in swine from Belgium, Italy, and Spain while the samples from United Kingdom and France were found infected with H1N1 and H1N2 viruses [233].
Briefly, the virological and/or serological prevalence of influenza viruses in European countries (Figure 4D) identified the strains of H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in swine populations of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Germany, France, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Czech Republic, and Czechoslovakia while the swine in Luxembourg and Italy were found infected with IDV.