Table 2  Receptors for lactoferrin, cells where these receptors are present, and other molecules and/or components that might bind to these receptors.
Receptor for lactoferrin   Cell types where receptor are present   Selected references
Lactoferrin receptor/LRP-1/CD91/apoE receptor or the chyclomicron remnant receptor  Multiple tissues and cell types including intestinal epithelial cell lymphocytes, fibroblasts, neurons, hepatocytes, endothelial cells  (62) (60, 69–71)
Intelectin-1 (omentin-1)  Visceral (omental and epicardial) fat, mesothelial cells, vascular cells, airway goblet cells, small intestine, colon, ovary, and plasma  (66, 72)
TLR2 and TLR4  Endothelial cells, platelets, neutrophils  (73–80)
CXCR4  Platelets, endothelial cells, neutrophils, T-cells  (78, 81–83)
CD14  Macrophages, neutrophils  (62, 84, 85)
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs),  Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes  (86, 87)
Interleukin 1  Various cells
Selected molecules and entities that bind to these receptors, other than lactoferrin
Receptor   Molecule or cellular entity   References
Lactoferrin receptor  Bacteria  (30)
LRP-1  Amyloid beta (Aβ)  (69, 88–90)
Intelectin-1 (omentin-1)  Microbial sugars, including β-D-galactofuranose (β-Galf), D-glycerol 1-phosphate, d-glycero-D-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KO), and 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KDO)  (91)
TLR4  Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) Herpex simplex  (78, 92–94)
CXCR4  Viruses (including HIV)  (78, 95, 96)
CD14  LPS, H7N9 Influenza virus  (92, 97)
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs)  Various viruses, including HIV and SARS-CoV  (86, 87, 98–102)