previous paragraphs) (149). Some of the viruses that LF prevents from entering host cells e.g., Herpes simplex virus (162), human papillomavirus (163), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (164), and rotavirus (165). These viruses typically utilize common molecules on the cell membrane to facilitate their invasion into cells, including HSPGs (Figure 1). HSPGs provide the first anchoring sites on the host cell surface, and help the virus make primary contact