PMC:7247521 / 2386-6979 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7247521","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7247521","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7247521","text":"1 Introduction\n2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) outbreak took place in December 2019 and continues to spread around the world. By April 3, 2020, more than 1 million patients have been diagnosed with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. The virus has a long incubation period, is highly contagious, and is generally susceptible to all types of people, which has a huge negative impact on people's health, economic development, and social stability [2]. However, there is still a lack of effective clinical drugs or vaccine to control the virus.\nTraditional Chinese medicine has a good effect on viral infectious pneumonia and has shown a certain effect in the treatment of SARS. On February 7, 2020, the China Health Commission and the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued a notice recommending formula Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPD, Herba Ephedrae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Rhizoma Alismatis, Polyporus Umbellatus, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Radix Asteris, Flos Farfarae, Rhizoma Belamcandae, Herba Asari, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Herba Pogostemonis) for the treatment of COVID-19 according to clinical treatment and efficacy. QFPD is a compound prescription in TCM including Ma Xing Shi Gan decoction (MSXG), She Gan Ma Huang decoction (SGMH), Xiao Chai Hu (XCH), and Wu Ling San (WLS), which was first discovered in the classic Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease (Shanghan Lun). MXSG (Herba Ephedrae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum) has been used for the treatment of the common cold, fever, and influenza virus infections via damaging the viral surface structure and inhibiting viral entry [3]. SGMH (Herba Ephedrae, Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Radix Asteris, Flos Farfarae, Rhizoma Belamcandae, Herba Asari) is a classical prescription for the treatment of flu-like symptoms, asthma, inflammation, tonsillitis and sore throat [4]. XCH (Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) possesses antiviral [5] and various anticarcinogenic properties [6]. WLS (Ramulus Cinnamomi, Rhizoma Alismatis, Polyporus Umbellatus, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria), a famous Chinese prescription for nephritic syndrome, can improve kidney excretion function and inhibit inflammatory response [7]. These researches indicate that MXSG, SGMH, XCH and WLS may be functional units of formula QFPD. Previous studies have focused on the mechanism of compound prescription based on a single traditional Chinese medicine. However, it may not reflect functional compatibility mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, it is worthy of comparing the similarities and differences of different QFPD functional units in the treatment of COVID-19, including MXSG, SGMH, XCH, WLS and Others.\nQFPD contains a total of 21 traditional Chinese medicines, and it is difficult to elucidate the complex mechanism of QFPD on COVID-19 by traditional pharmacological methods due to the multi-components and multi-targets of the formula. Network pharmacology, a new method in recent years, can integrate interactions of drugs, targets, pathways and diseases into a biological network system [8]. Therefore, more and more TCM researchers have begun to use network pharmacology to explore the material basis of TCM, and to reveal the overall comprehensive effects of multi-path, multi-component and multi-target of TCM prescription and its treatment of diseases [9,10]. More importantly, previous study reported that disease conditions can be more fragile than health systems against various perturbations for the un-optimized system [11]. So the formula may be more effective for COVID-19 disease via the stronger effects on the reduction of the robustness of the COVID-19 disease network [12].\nIn our study, since MSXG, SGMH, XCH and WLS have been independently used for the treatment of viral infectious pneumonia, this study firstly screened out major effective compounds from five functional units respectively. Then we offered a new understanding of the functional units mechanism of QFPD against COVID-19 by a novel functional units of network pharmacology (FUNP) approach and formula perturbation analysis, and provided a combination strategy to explore mechanisms of inter-ingredients interactions from a holistic 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