We identified 33 COVID-19 positive patients with ICH, mean age 61.6 years (range 37–83 years), 21.2% were female, with a median ICH score of 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-2) (Table 1 ). As of May 6th, 2020, mortality occurred in 14 (42.4%) patients, 15 (45.5%) patients were still hospitalized, and 4 (12.1%) patients had been discharged. Initial radiographic evidence of hemorrhage was seen on median hospital day 17 (IQR 8-23) although 4 (12.1%) patients were found to have ICH on initial presentation. Immediately prior to discovery of the bleed, 10 (30.3%) patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Within the 72 hours prior to hemorrhage discovery, 11 (33.3%) patients were thrombocytopenic with platelet counts below 150 × 103/μ. The median D-dimer value prior to hemorrhage discovery was 2204 ng/mL (IQR 1232–3074 ng/mL).
Table 1 Demographic, admission, imaging, and laboratory data for all patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Data is presented as n (%) unless otherwise specified. Lab values are within 72 h prior to hemorrhage discovery, besides D-dimer, which is the closest value within 48 h of imaging.
Parameter Total (n = 33) Large hemorrhage with herniation (n = 5) Other hemorrhages (n = 28)
Age, median (range) in years 62 (37–83) 62 (37–74) 62 (40–83)
Female 7 (21.2) 0 (0) 7 (25.0)
Comorbidities
 BMI, mean (SD) 28.9 (5.6) 32.9 (9.0) 28.1 (4.6)
 Congestive heart failure 3 (9.1) 0 (0) 3 (10.7)
 Coronary artery disease 4 (12.1) 1 (20.0) 3 (10.7)
 Diabetes 10 (30.3) 2 (40.0) 8 (28.6)
 Hyperlipidemia 12 (36.4) 2 (40.0) 10 (35.7)
 Hypertension 16 (48.5) 3 (60.0) 13 (46.4)
 Hypothyroidism 2 (6.1) 0 (0) 2 (7.1)
 Liver disease 1 (3.0) 0 (0) 1 (3.6)
 Prior malignancy 3 (9.1) 2 (40.0) 1 (3.6)
 Prior stroke 1 (3.0) 0 (0) 1 (3.6)
 Renal disease 1 (3.0) 0 (0) 1 (3.6)
Time to Hemorrhage Identification, median days (IQR) 17 (8–23) 22 (19–28) 16 (8–33)
GCS at time of Scan, median (IQR) 3 (3–9) 3 (3-3) 3 (3–10)
ICH Score, median (IQR) 2 (1-2) 5 (5-5) 2 (1-2)
Indication for Brain Imaging
 Encephalopathy 17 (51.5) 1 (20) 16 (57.1)
 Focal weakness 7 (21.2) 0 (0) 7 (25.0)
 Absent brainstem reflexes 4 (12.1) 4 (80) 0 (0)
 Incidental finding 2 (6.1) 0 (0) 2 (7.1)
 Seizure like symptoms 2 (6.1) 0 (0) 2 (7.1)
 Aphasia 1 (3.0) 0 (0) 1 (3.6)
Hemorrhage on initial presentation 4 (12.1) 0 (0) 4 (14.3)
eGFR <30 prior to ICH 10 (30.3) 2 (40) 8 (28.6)
Platelet nadir prior to ICH, median [IQR] 200 (123–270) 147 (123–187) 227 (118–274)
 Nadir 100 to 149, n (range) 4 (101–147) 2 (123–147) 2 (101–124)
 Nadir 50 to 99, n (range) 6 (50–97) 1 (50) 5 (51–97)
 Nadir 0 to 49, n (range) 1 (15) 0 1 (15)
D-dimer prior to ICH, median (IQR) 2204 (1232–3074) 2069 (1791–4488) 2338 (1209–3030)
Peak INR prior to ICH, median (IQR) 1.3 (1.2–2.0) 1.6 (1.3–2.9) 1.3 (1.2–1.7)
Peak PTT prior to ICH, median (IQR) 77.0 (42.2–96.2) 86.1 (66.8–121.4) 75.1 (41.7–85.8)
Peak Xa prior to ICH, median (IQR) 0.7 (0.4–1.0) 1.1 (1.0–1.1) 0.6 (0.3–0.8)
Mortality 14 (42.4) 5 (100) 9 (32.1)
Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; IQR =interquartile range; BMI = body mass index; ICH = intracranial hemorrhage; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration fraction; INR: international normalized ratio; PTT = partial thromboplastin time